藏南地区新生代多阶段构造演化及其动力学的探讨

开合构造是一种全球构造假说,该假说基础为地球上的一切物质和地质体都存在开合表现;可以用开合构造观解释一些板块构造理论登陆后不能合理解释的地质现象。文章在结合前人基础地质资料基础上,分析藏南地区基本的构造单元划分;强调动态构造单元划分,提出了被重力拆离断层改造叠加的逆断层区以及被拆离断层改造的正断层区。在主流观点提出碰撞挤压造山形成青藏高原时,野外科学考察发现了绒布寺伸展正断层的存在。文章认为绒布寺伸展正断层与主中央逆冲断层形成时间比藏南拆离系要早,两者构成了藏南挤出构造的两个边界;而藏南拆离系是晚期形成的,局部叠加在主中央逆冲断层之上,并且珠峰北追踪了早期绒布寺正断层呈相对高角度产出。3条断裂构造系统是不同时期、不同构造背景下的产物。藏南由前人所划分的飞来峰、构造窗等逆冲推覆构造系统中的构造单元,往往挤压逆冲特征表现不明显,却表现出由新的地层覆盖在老地层之上而显示地层柱缺失的特征。文章认为这些是滑覆构造的表现,是藏南地区晚期重力滑覆作用的产物。用开合构造理论将该地区新生代构造演化划分为由开转换为合;然后由合转换为开,构成一个完整开合演化历史,在这多阶段构造演化过程中,地球深部的热能、地球内部的重力势能以及构造引起的附加应力能起到关键作用。     

南黄海盆地北部坳陷正反转构造

南黄海盆地北部坳陷的东北凹、北凹、中凹、南凹等凹陷发育有多种类型的正反转构造,包括穿透断展型、挤压褶皱型、逆断层型等。主要反转期为渐新世和上新世末,其中渐新世的构造反转影响较大。太平洋—欧亚板块汇聚速率变化是控制南黄海盆地北部坳陷新生代反转构造发育的重要因素。正反转构造有利于油气藏的形成,但反转强度较大时可能使油气藏的保存条件变差。     

利用地下水水位资料推求水文地质参数

依据模糊集合理论,提出了反求水文地质参数的一种新方法,即用模糊模式识别评价计算水位与观测水位的拟合程度,依模糊ISODATA聚类法的原理建立目标函数,以相应的聚类中心作为要求的水文地质参数。     

关于胶莱盆地东南缘基性火山熔岩喷发时代上限的讨论

首次对采自青岛即墨WN部两个深钻孔中新鲜玄武岩样品进行Rb-Sr同位素测年,测定年龄值为65.77±13.6Ma。认为该年龄值代表了胶莱盆地东南缘基性火山熔岩喷发的时代上限,对于整个胶莱盆地中基性火山岩的划分和对比具重要的年代学意义。     

一种基于梯度和与一致性组合策略的无缝纹理映射方法研究

针对三维纹理映射中存在接缝、颜色差异大等问题,采用基于梯度值之和的选片算法,结合一致性检查、全局颜色校正和局部颜色校正等策略,消除影像的模糊、重影与色差,实现无缝纹理映射,同时避免影像失焦和障碍物的影响,试验结果表明,该方法纹理映射效果较好。     

Differential uplift between Beihuaiyang and Dabie orogenic belt

Isotope dating, hornblende geobarometer, fission-track analysis and fluid inclusion homogeneous temperature analysis have been applied to Caledonian, Variscan and Yenshan plutons in Bei Huaiyang (BHY) and Dabie orogenic belt (DOB), and the emplaced depths and ages of these plutons have been obtained in order to obtain differential uplift time and uplift heights between BHY and DOB since late Paleozoic era. BHY had experienced three stages of uplift (C1-C2, T-J2, J3-K1) and its total uplift height is about 10 km, but, DOB had only experienced two stages of uplift (T-J2, J3-K1) and its maximum uplift height is more than 15 km. BHY uplift occurred mainly before the mid-Jurassic (about 150 Ma), but DOB uplift took place after the mid-Jurassic (about 150 Ma).     

大别山西部河南罗山熊店加里东期榴辉岩锆石特征及SHRIMP分析结果

熊店榴辉岩产于大别山西部苏家河构造混杂岩带内,是典型的高压一超高压中温榴辉岩。作者应用岩学结合阴极发光和扫描电镜方法,较系统地研究了榴辉岩中锆石在岩石中的赋存状态、内部结构及表面特征。锆石主要产于石榴子石等变质矿物内,与主晶界面清晰,具有多晶面等变质锆石特有形貌特征,内部均或发育变质生长结构,从而说明它们是变质作用的产物。ＳＨＲＩＭＰ分析表明,锆石＾２０６Ｐｂ／＾２３８Ｕ年龄为３３５～４２４Ｍａ,     

中国地质科学50年的简要回顾

在世界之效科学技术大发展的现阶段,中国地质科学必将发展,因为它具箅了社会需求、科学问题和社会基础技术三个科学发展的条件。由于中国地质学奠基者的远见卓识,中国地质学在本世纪２０～３０年代已建立了世界声誉。新中国建立后,５０～７０年代中国地质科学取得迅速工。自７０年代珂至今的改革开放时期更取得了全面的发展。随着地球系统科学的新概念为广大地质学者所接受,地质学各分支学科必将走向互相交驻融合,形成综合的和     

Geochronological Study of Caledonian Granulite and High-Pressure Gneiss in the Dabie Mountains

Using the single-zircon evaporation technique and U-Pb method, the authors have conducted an isotope geochonological study of the Huilanshan granulite and Shima garnet-bearing plagioclase gneiss (" country rocks" of the Shima eclogite) in the Dabie Mountains. The study shows that these rocks have peak metamorphic ages of 443-455 Ma, which are essentially consistent with that of the Caledonian high-ultrahigh pressure eclogites. This indicates the existence of the Caledonian collisional orogeny in the Dabie Mountains.     

Accelerated Exhumation During the Cenozoic in the Dabie Mountains: Evidence from Fission-Track Ages

Zircon and apatite fission-track dating indicates that the exhumation of the Dabie Mountains tended to be accelerated in the Cenozoic and that the exhumation of the eastern Dabie Mountains was more and more intense from south to north, which is in accordance with the more and more intense dissection from south to north, as is reflected by the modern geomorphologic features of the Dabie Mountains. The accelerated exhumation during the Cenozoic was related to the high elevation of the Dabie Mountains resulting from Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene detachment faulting and subsequent fault-block uplift and subsidence. The average elevation at that time was at least about 660 m higher than that at the present. The intense exhumation lagged behind intense uplift.